Research Progress and Prospects of Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pump Capability for Handling Gas–Liquid Multiphase Flow: Comparison and Empirical Model Validation

The working capability of multi-stage pumps, such as electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) handling multiphase flow, has always been a big challenge for petroleum industries. major problem is associated with the agglomeration gas bubbles inside ESP-impellers, causing pump performance degradation ranging from mild to severe deterioration (surging/gas pockets). Previous literature showed that two-phase ESPs greatly affected by involvement, rotational speed, bubble size, and fluid viscosity. Thus, it necessary understand which parameter actually accountable different flow patterns in ESP, how can be controlled. present study mainly focused on (1) main parameters impede ESPs; (2) comparison existing empirical models (established prediction surging initiation) our single-stage centrifugal results determine their validity working-range; (3) gas-handling techniques applied enhance ESPs. Firstly, aims at understanding internal mechanism ESP designs, followed test studies based models, visualization techniques, bubble-size measurements, viscosity analysis. CFD-based (computational dynamics) numerical analysis concerning described well. Furthermore, design methods are discussed helpful developing industry enhancing